Hazrat Muhammad Murad Ali Khan Rahmatullah Alayh
The Messenger of God,
Hazrat Sayyidna Wa Maulana Muhammad ibn Abdullah
Sallallahu Alayhi wa alihi wasallam
When Allah ordered the Pen to write, it asked, "What shall I write?" and Allah said, "Write 'La Ilaha Ill-Allah.'" The Pen wrote "La Ilaha Ill-Allah" for seventy-thousand of Allah's years and then it stopped. One of Allah's days is equal to one thousand of our years. Then Allah ordered it to write again, and the Pen asked, "What shall I write?" and Allah answered, "Write Muhammadun Rasul-Allah." And the Pen said, "O Allah, who is this Muhammad that You have put Your Name next to his name?" Allah said, "You must know that if it were not for Muhammad I would not have created anything in Creation." So the Pen wrote Muhammadun Rasul-Allah for another seventy-thousand years.
When did Allah order the Pen to Write? When did the Pen Write? When did that writing of "La ilaha ill-Allah Muhammadun Rasul-Allah" occur? No one knows. The mention of the name of the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) by Allah, Almighty and Exalted, is something which happened before the creation of anything, and its reality occurred in pre-Eternity. That is the reason the Prophet (P.b.u.h )mentioned, "kuntu Nabiyyan wa adamu bayni-l-ma'i wa-t-tin" - "I was a Prophet when Adam was between water and clay."
He is the Perfect Human Being. He is the Seal of all prophets and messengers. What can a weak servant say in order to honor the Master of Messengers? If it were not for him, no one would ever have known Allah, Almighty and Exalted. Never would the fabric of the universe have been woven into existence as it has been woven. Therefore the pen cannot describe the most perfect of the Perfect human beings, the Master of Masters, the King of Kings, the Sultan of Sultans of the Divine Presence.
He is the Heart of the Divine Presence. He is the Heart of the Unique Essence. He is the Sign for Oneness and the Sign of Oneness. He is known as the Secret of All Secrets. He is the only one addressed by Allah Almighty and Exalted, because he is the only one considered Responsible in the Presence of Allah who said, "Were it not for him I would not have created any of My creation." All of the creation was given to the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) as a divine gesture of honor from Allah, Almighty and Exalted. Therefore the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) is responsible for that creation which is his honor and his Trust. For that reason he is the only one to be addressed in the Divine Presence.
The singular status of the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) is the heart and the Essence of the phrase of tawheed [La ilaha ill-Allah Muhammadun Rasul-Allah] and the foundation of Sufism. The Prophet (P.b.u.h ) is the "one soul" mentioned in the Qur'anic verse, "[O Mankind] Your creation and your resurrection is in no wise but as an individual soul" [31:28]. It is also the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) who is the "single life" represented in the verse, "If anyone slew a person... it would be as if he slew the whole people: And if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved the life of the whole people." [5:32]
The Prophet (P.b.u.h ) , moreover, referred to his responsibility in the hadith: a`malakum tu`radu `alayya kulla yawm, "All your actions are shown to me every day. If they are good, I pray for you; if they are bad, I ask Allah's forgiveness for you." That means that the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) is the one who is responsible towards God for his Community. That is why, as we said, he is "the only to be spoken to." It is the meaning of Intercession. Allah refers to this intercession in the verse, "If they had only, when they were unjust to themselves, come unto thee and asked Allah's forgiveness, and the Messenger had asked forgiveness for them, they would have found Allah indeed Oft-Returning, Most Merciful" [4:64].
His honorable biography and his blessed speeches and actions can never be encompassed in a book. But we can say that he is Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul Muttalib ibn Hashim and that his lineage goes back to Ibrahim (P.b.u.h ) . He was born in Makkah al-Mukarrama on a Monday, the 12th of Rabi`ul Awwal, 570 CE, in the Year of the Elephant. His mother, Sayyida Amina, when she gave birth to him, saw a light coming from her that turned all darkness into light as far as Persia. When he was born, the first thing he did after coming from his mother's womb was to fall into prostration. His father died before he was born. He was nursed by Thuayba and then by Halima as-Sa`diyya, with whom he stayed for four years.
While returning with him from a visit to his uncles in Madinat al-Munawwara (at that time Yathrib), his mother fell sick and died. He was six years old. His grandfather raised him for two years, until he also died. Orphaned three times, he went to live with his uncle, Abu Talib. Allah Almighty and Exalted ordered the Angel of the Trumpet, Israfil (a.s) to accompany him at all times until the age of eleven years. Then Allah ordered Jibril (a.s)to accompany him and to look after him and to keep him in his safekeeping, and to send to his heart heavenly and spiritual Powers.
He traveled with his uncle to Sham (Damascus). On their way they passed by Basra where a monk named Buhaira, living in a monastery nearby, told his uncle, "Take him back, it will be safer for him." At that time he was twelve years old. Years later he traveled again to Sham with Maysara, to trade on behalf of the Lady Khadija (r.a). They were very successful. Maysara told Khadija about his miraculous powers and his business acumen and she became interested in him. She proposed marriage and he accepted her offer. He married her when he was 25 years of age and she was forty.
He was known throughout his tribe as as-Sadiq al-Amin, the Truthful and Trustworthy One. When he was 35 years of age, the Quraish Tribe was renovating the House of Allah, the Ka'aba. They disputed among themselves as to who should put the sacred Black Stone (hajaru-l-aswad) in its place. They finally came to an agreement that the most trustworthy person should replace it, and that person was the Prophet (P.b.u.h ).
At that time inspirations and revelations were coming to his heart. He was always in a state of spiritual vision and insight, but he was not authorized to speak about it. He preferred to be alone and used a cave in a mountain called al-Hira for contemplation and meditation. He sought seclusion as the means to reach the Divine Presence of Allah Almighty and Exalted.
He avoided all kinds of attachment, even with his family. He was always in meditation and contemplation, afloat on the Ocean of the Dhikr of the Heart. He disconnected himself completely from everything, until there appeared to him the light of Allah Almighty and Exalted, which graced him with the condition of complete intimacy and happiness. That intimacy allowed the mirror of revelation to increase in purity and brightness, until he attained to the highest state of perfection, where he observed the dawning of a new creation. The primordial signs of beauty shone forth to spread and decorate the universe. Trees, stones, earth, the stars, the sun, the moon, the clouds, wind, rain, and animals would greet him in perfect Arabic speech and say, "as-Salam 'alayka Ya Rasul-Allah" -- "Peace be upon You, O Prophet of God."
At forty years of age, when standing on the Mountain of Hira, there appeared on the horizon a figure he did not recognize, who said to him, "O Muhammad, I am Jibril and You are the Prophet of God whom He has sent to this nation." Then he handed him a piece of silk which was decorated with jewels. He put it in his hand and told him, "Read." He asked "What am I to read?" He hugged the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) and told him, "Read." He again said, "What shall I read?" He hugged him again and said,
"Read, in the name of Your Lord, who Created,
Created man out of a blood-clot,
Read, and thy Lord is Most bountiful
Who has taught with the Pen,
Taught man what he knew not!" [96:1-5]
Then he ordered him to climb down the mountain to the plains below; he placed him on a large white stone and gave him two green robes. Then Jibril (a.s)hit the earth with his feet. Immediately a spring poured forth and the angel made ablutions in it and ordered him to do the same. Then Jibril (a.s)took a handful of water and threw it on the face of the Prophet (P.b.u.h ). Sufi saints say that the water he threw was a sign that the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) was granted authority to spread to human beings the Knowledge of the Secrets of Allah's Divine Presence, either by physical means or by spiritual means. Then he observed two cycles of prayer (rak'ats) and told the Prophet (P.b.u.h ), "This is the way to worship," and he disappeared.
The Prophet (P.b.u.h ) returned to Makkah and told his wife all that had occurred. She believed him and she was the first Muslim. Then she went with the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) to Waraqah bin Nawfal, her cousin, who was considered a person knowledgeable in spirituality. The Prophet (P.b.u.h ) told him what happened. He believed him and he was the first man to believe in the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) . He said, "This is the Holy Spirit who descended on Moses (a.s)." He said, "Would that I be alive when your people expel you from Makkah!" The prophet asked, "Are my people going to put me out of Makkah?" He said, "Yes, that is what is written."
Then Abu Bakr (r.a) became a believer and he was followed by Ali (r.a) . In public the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) gave guidance needed for daily life, and in private he would give the special advice needed for attaining the state of Ihsan (perfect good character). That is why Abu Huraira (r.a) said in an authentic hadith mentioned in Bukhari, "The Prophet (P.b.u.h ) has poured into my heart two kinds of knowledge: one I have spread to people and the other, if I were to share it, they would cut my throat."
The knowledge Abu Huraira referred to is the hidden, secret knowledge that the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) gave to his Companions. He did not authorize them to spread that knowledge because it is the secret knowledge of the heart. From these secrets all Masters of the Naqshbandi Golden Chain and all other Sufi Orders receive their knowledge. This knowledge was transmitted only from heart to heart, either through Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (r.a) or through Ali (r.a).
For three years, as the Muslims increased in number, they used Dar al-Arqam as a mosque in which to teach, to worship and to hide. Then the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) was ordered to proclaim the religion openly. Allah sent a surah of the Qur'an challenging anyone to write anything like it. Poets, leaders and famous people tried until they openly accepted the self-evident fact that it was not possible. Still the unbelievers went to his uncle, complaining, saying, "Give us Muhammad (P.b.u.h ) so we may kill him." He said, "No one can touch him as long as I am living." The unbelievers tortured all those who did believe him. They kidnapped their wives, killed their children and raped their daughters. The new Muslims suffered all kinds of difficulties at the hands of the unbelievers.
For thirteen years the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) stayed in Makkah, calling the people to Allah's religion.
The unbelievers asked for a miracle or a sign in the heavens. The Holy Prophet (P.b.u.h ) divided the full moon in two in front of their eyes. Some of them believed and some of them did not. After this the persecution continued and some Muslims asked permission to emigrate. They emigrated to Ethiopia, where the King gave them refuge and, through their influence, became a believer in the Prophet (P.b.u.h ). They stayed there for five years before some of them returned to Makkah. The Prophet's (P.b.u.h ) uncle and then his wife Khadija al-Kubra (r.a) died. These were his staunchest supporters. It was the year of sadness.
A year and a half later, he was invited to the Presence of Allah, Almighty and Exalted. From Makkah to Jerusalem (Quds) he travelled accompanied by Archangel Gabriel (Jibril) (P.b.u.h ). From Jerusalem he ascended to the heavens by means of Buraq, a heavenly mount who carried him up. All the prophets in the different levels of heaven came to greet him. He ascended higher and higher, until he heard the scratching of the Pen, writing out God's Decree. He approached the Divine Presence, closer and closer, until Jibril (a.s) said to him, "Ya Rasul Allah (O Prophet of God), I cannot continue further, or I will be extinguished." The Prophet (P.b.u.h ) said, "O Jibril, accompany me!" He said, "I cannot, or I will be burned in Allah's Light." So Muhammad (P.b.u.h ) , the most Perfect of the Perfect, continued alone. Driven by his love for Allah's Divine Presence he approached closer and closer, achieving the State of Complete Annihilation in five different stages.
From one stage to another the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) moved into Allah's Divine Secrets. Between each stage was five hundred thousand years. He passed through these vast Divine Oceans of Knowledge, which Allah Almighty and Exalted has created, until he was completely dissolved in Allah's Existence, seeing nothing except Him. Then Allah called him to return to existence after he had reached the State of Annihilation. He returned and Allah told him, "O Muhammad (P.b.u.h ), Approach closer." From this it is understood that the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) , having reached the State of Complete Annihilation, was called by Allah by his name, indicating that he was appearing anew with Allah's Appearance. He reached so near to the Divine Light, that he was "two bow-lengths or nearer" [53:9]. Allah asked him, "Who are you, O Muhammad?" At that time the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) was not conscious of himself and he replied: "You, O my Lord." This is the perfection of the state of not associating anyone with Allah. It is the perfect sign of Tawhid (Oneness), when nothing exists except His Glory, His Essence, Himself.
Shaykh Nazim al-Haqqani has related, from the hidden knowledge of the Sufi saints, some of the events that occurred on that incredible journey of the Prophet. This is knowledge from the Prophet which Abu Huraira referred to in his hadith, knowledge passed down from the heart of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq. The Prophet (P.b.u.h ) said, "Whatever Allah poured into my heart I poured into the heart of as-Siddiq." This knowledge was then passed to the Naqshbandi Sufi saints and constitutes their spiritual inheritance.
Shaykh Nazim al-Haqqani said, "Allah Almighty and Exalted said to the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) on the Night of Ascension, O Muhammad, I have created all of creation for your sake, and I am giving it all to you. At that moment Allah granted the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) power to see all that He had created, with all of their lights and all of the favors that Allah had granted His creatures by decorating them with his Attributes and with His Divine Love and Beauty.
"Muhammad (P.b.u.h ) was enthralled and enraptured because Allah had given him the gift of such a creation. Allah said to him, 'Ya Muhammad (P.b.u.h ), are you happy with this creation?' He said, 'Yes, My Lord.' He said, 'I am giving them to you in Trust to keep, to be responsible for, and to return to Me just as I gave them to you.' Muhammad (P.b.u.h ) was looking at them in delight because they were illuminated with beautiful lights, and he said, 'O My Lord, I accept.' Allah said, 'Are you accepting?' He replied, 'I accept, I accept.' As he finished replying the third time, Allah granted him a vision of the sins and the many forms of misery, darkness, and ignorance into which they were going to fall.
"When Muhammad (P.b.u.h ) saw this he was dismayed, wondering how he would be able to return them to His Lord as clean as in their original state. He said, 'O My Lord, what is this?' Allah replied, 'O My beloved, this is your responsibility. You have to return them to Me as clean as I gave them to You.' Then Muhammad (P.b.u.h ) said, 'O my Lord, give me helpers to help me clean them, to sanctify their spirits, and to take them from darkness and ignorance to the state of knowledge, of piety, of peace and love.'
"Then Allah, Almighty and Exalted, granted him a vision in which he informed him that out of this creation He had chosen for him 7,007 Naqshbandi Saints. He told him, 'O My beloved, O Muhammad, these saints are from the most Distinguished Saints that I created to help you in keeping this creation clean. Out of them are 313 who are in the highest, most perfect state in the Divine Presence. They are the inheritors of the secrets of 313 Messengers. Then I am giving you forty, who are carrying the most distinguished powers, and they are considered the Pillars of all saints. They are going to be the Masters of their times and they are going to be the Inheritors of the Secrets of Reality.'
"'At the hands of these saints everyone will be healed from his wounds, both externally and internally. These saints will be able to carry the whole Nation and the whole of Creation without any sign of tiring. Every one of them will be the Ghawth (Arch-Intercessor) in his time, under whom will be the five Qutub (Spiritual Poles).'
"The Prophet (P.b.u.h ) was happy and he said, 'O my Lord, give me more!' Then Allah showed him 124,000 saints, and He said, 'These saints are the inheritors of the 124,000 prophets. Each one is an inheritor from one prophet. They also will be there to help you clean this Nation.'
"While the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) was ascending to the Divine Presence, Allah caused him to hear a human voice. The voice was that of his friend and closest Companion, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (r.a). The Prophet (P.b.u.h ) was told by Allah Almighty to order Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (r.a) to call all the Naqshbandi saints: the 40, the 313, and the 7,007, and all their followers, in their spiritual forms, into the Divine Presence. All were to receive those distinguished Lights and Blessings.
"Then Allah ordered the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) , who ordered Abu Bakr (r.a), to call the 124,000 saints of the other 40 Tariqats and their followers to be given that Light in the Divine Presence. All of the Shaykhs began to appear in that gathering with all of their followers. Allah then asked the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) to look at them with his Prophetic power and light, and to lift them all to the station of Siddiqin, the Trustworthy and the Truthful. Then Allah Almighty and Exalted said to the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) , and the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) said to the saints, 'All of you and all of your followers are going to be stars shining among human beings, to spread that light which I gave you in pre-Eternity to all human beings on earth.'"
Mawlana Shaykh Nazim says, "That is only one of the secrets that has been revealed about the Night of Ascension to the hearts of the saints through the transmission of the Golden Chain of the Naqshbandi Order." Many more visions were given to the Prophet , but there is no permission to unveil them.
That Night, the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) was ordered by Allah to perform 50 prayers a day. He shortened it to five prayers a day on the advice of the Prophet Moses (Musa) (a.s). He returned from that Night Journey, and the first one to believe him was Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (r.a). The unbelievers, hoping to ridicule him, asked him to describe Jerusalem. He described it in all its details, and the unbelievers were humiliated.
Persecution against the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) and his Companions escalated. Then Allah sent him the Ansar (Helpers) from Madinah. Islam had begun to spread among the tribes of this small oasis not far from Makkah. Allah gave the believers permission to migrate to Madinah, the home of the Ansar. Abu Bakr (r.a) wanted to migrate, but Muhammad told him, "Don't leave yet, wait, and maybe you will travel with me. There is a very important event which must happen."
The Prophet (P.b.u.h ) fled at night with Abu Bakr (r.a) and left behind him Ali (r.a) to impersonate him in his bed. On the way he stopped to hide in the Cave of Thawr. Abu Bakr (r.a) said, "O Prophet (P.b.u.h ), don't enter, I will enter first." In his heart he thought that there might be something harmful inside and he chose to encounter it first. He found a hole in the cave. He called the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) to come in and he put his foot over the hole. The Prophet (P.b.u.h ) came in and lay down with his head on Abu Bakr's thigh. A snake inside the hole began to bite the foot of Abu Bakr. He tried not to move although he was in great pain. Tears flowed down his cheeks. One warm tear dropped on the blessed face of the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) . At this, as was mentioned in the Qur'an: "He said to his friend, Grieve not for verily Allah is with us." [9: 40] and he also said, "What do you think of two when God is their Third?" [57: 5]. Abu Bakr said to the Prophet, "O Prophet of God, I am not sad, but I am in pain. A snake is biting my foot and I am worried that it might bite you. I am crying because my heart is burning for you and for your safety." The Prophet was so pleased with the reply of his beloved Companion that he hugged Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (r.a), put his hand on his heart and poured the knowledge that Allah had given him into the heart of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq. That is why he said in a hadith, "Whatever Allah poured into my heart, I poured into the heart of Abu Bakr (r.a)."
Our Grandshaykh Muhammad Nazim al-Haqqani says, "Following this the Prophet put his other hand on the foot of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq and read, Bismillah ir-Rahman ir-Rahim, and the foot was immediately healed. Then he ordered the snake to come out and the snake came out, coiling itself in front of the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) . Then the Prophet said to the snake, 'Do you not know that the flesh of a Siddiq is forbidden to you? Why are eating the flesh of my Companion?' He replied to the Prophet in a perfect and pure Arabic, 'O Prophet of Allah, were not all things created for your sake and for your love? O Prophet, I too love You. When I heard that Allah Almighty and Exalted said that the best nation is your nation, I asked Him to prolong my life and grant me the honor of being among your nation and looking at your face. And Allah granted me that wish and that honor. When Abu Bakr put his foot in that hole, it blocked my sight. I wanted him to move his foot to enable me to see you.' The Prophet (P.b.u.h ) said, 'Look at me now and fulfill your wish.' The snake looked and looked; after a while, it died. The Prophet (P.b.u.h ) ordered the Jinn to carry the snake away and bury it."
Mawlana Shaykh Nazim says, "These are secrets that have been given to the hearts of the Naqshbandi Saints." He continues the story thus: "Then the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) said to Abu Bakr, 'There was no need to stop in this cave, except that a significant event will happen here. The Light of the root of the spiritual Tree which is going to spread over all humanity, the Light coming directly from the Divine Presence, will appear here. Allah has ordered me to transmit it to you and to all the Naqshbandi Sufi followers.'
"This lineage was not called the Naqshbandi at that time, but was known as the Children of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, and he was known to saints as the 'Father' of this line.
"Then Allah asked the Prophet to order Abu Bakr as-Siddiq to call all the Masters of the Golden Chain who are the inheritors of Abu Bakr. The latter called the Grandshaykhs of this Golden Chain, all of them, from his time down to the time of the Mahdi (a.s). All of them were called through their spirits from the World of Souls. Then he was ordered to call the 7,007 Naqshbandi Saints. Then the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) called the 124,000 prophets.
"Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, by order of the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) , ordered every grandshaykh to summon all his followers to appear spiritually. Then Abu Bakr as-Siddiq ordered all the Shaykhs to take the hands of their followers to receive initiation. He put his hand above them all, and then Muhammad (P.b.u.h ) put his hand above all of them, and then Allah put His Hand, the Hand of Power (Qudrat), over them all. Allah by Himself, put on the tongue of everyone present His recitation (talqeen az-Zikr), and He told the Prophet to order Abu Bakr as-Siddiq to order all the saints present with their followers to recite what they were hearing from the Voice of Power:
ALLAHU ALLAHU ALLAHU HAQQ
ALLAHU ALLAHU ALLAHU HAQQ
ALLAHU ALLAHU ALLAHU HAQQ
"All of those present followed their Shaykhs and the Shaykhs followed what they heard the Prophet reciting. Then Allah Almighty and Exalted taught the secret of the Dhikr, known as Khatm-il-Khwajagan, to Abdul Khaliq al-Ghujduwani, who led the first dhikr among the saints of this Order. The Prophet (P.b.u.h ) announced to Abu Bakr, who announced to all saints, that Abdul Khaliq al-Ghujdawani is the leader of the Khatm-i-Khwajagan. Everyone was honored to receive that secret and light from Khwaja Abdul Khaliq al-Ghujdawani, in the presence of all saints, in the presence of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (r.a), in the presence of The Prophet (P.b.u.h ) , in the Presence of Allah."
Mawlana Shaykh Nazim said, "Anyone who accepts initiation from us or attends our Dhikr must know that he was in the cave at that blessed time, in the Presence of the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) , and that he received all of these secrets then. These secrets have been transmitted to us from the masters of the Golden Chain, through Abu Bakr as-Siddiq."
Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (r.a) was overjoyed and astounded with what took place in that cave, and he understood why the Prophet had chosen him to be the companion of his migration. The Naqshbandi Shaykhs consider the events in the cave as the foundation of the Tariqat. Not only is it the source of the daily wird (devotion) but the souls of all members of the Order were present together at that time.
After the events in the cave, they continued on to Madinat al-Munawwarah. When they reached Quba, a village near Madinah, on a Monday in Rabi'ul Awwal, they stopped for several days. There the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) built the first mosque. They continued on their way on a Friday, after praying the Friday Prayer at Quba. It was the first Jum'a that he prayed. He entered Madinah with his friend, amid shouts of takbir (ALLAHU AKBAR) and tahmid (AL-HAMDU LILLAH) and the excited, joyful happiness of everyone. He moved to the place his camel stopped, and it is there that he built his mosque and his home. He stayed as a guest in the home of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari until his mosque was built.
When the Prophet (P.b.u.h ) came to Madinah, it was full of diseases. As soon as he arrived, the diseases disappeared. Following is a brief list of the main events of the next ten years.
Year One - The Prophet (P.b.u.h ) was inspired to call the people to prayer by means of the human voice (Adhan).
Year Two - He was ordered to institute the monthly fast of Ramadan, and he was directed to face the Ka'aba in Makkah during prayers, instead of towards Jerusalem as they had done previously. It was the year that he fought the unbelievers in the decisive Battle of Badr.
Year Three - The Prophet (P.b.u.h )fought the unbelievers at Uhud.
Year Four - The battle of Bani Nadeer took place, and permission was given for shortening the prayer during traveling and fighting. Alcohol was forbidden. Tayammum, or ritual purification with sand when water is not available, was allowed and the "prayer in fear" was authorized.
Year Five - The battle of Khandaq took place and the defection of Banu Quraizah and Mustaliq occurred.
Year Six - The Treaty of Hudaibiyya took place as did the Pledge of Loyalty -- the model of Sufi initiation -- under the Tree. The fifth pillar of the religion, the obligation of Hajj, also came in this year.
Year Seven - The battle of Khaibar took place.
Year Eight - The events of Mu'ta, the peaceful conquest of Makkah and the battle of Hunayn occurred.
Year Nine - The battle of Tabuk occurred and the Pilgrimage of as-Siddiq. It was called the Year of Wufud.
Year Ten - The Prophet (P.b.u.h ) made what is known as the Farewell Pilgrimage.
Year Eleven -The Prophet (P.b.u.h ) passed on to the other life.
